摘要
选择逻辑学的主张只有在可被检验时才有意义。本文概述了一种符合科学规范的验证方法:定义范围,检验内部一致性,并衡量重复决策的结果。[^1]
1. 范围:我们应在何处期待收益?
选择逻辑学在以下情况中最为适用:
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风险为中/高,
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可逆性低,
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信息不对称程度高,
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说服压力大。
2. 一致性:定理之间是否存在矛盾?
理论体系应保持一致:
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公理约束主张,
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定理源于公理,
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推论源于定理。
3. 结果:衡量什么?
实用的结果指标:
4. 可证伪性与迭代
如果一种方法未能改善某一类决策的结果,就应予以修订或摒弃——这正是 A3(可改进性公理)和验证的意义所在。[^1]
参考文献
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- Berlin, I. (1969). Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford University Press.[source]
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- Ericsson, A., & Pool, R. (2016). Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.[source]
- Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 995–006.[source]
- Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.[source]